Carburetor



May 29, 192 1,671,669

J. L. CHESNUTT CARBURETOR Filed July 18, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 29, 1928.

J. L. CHESNUTT CARBURETOR Filed July 18, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet I2 I 5 5 9 u T 4 w T M 7, 4 U 3 m 1 Wm J H #3 0 3 m v M i I- We a fi [u m 58 9% a 7 a M L 6 H M Z w a I I Patented May 29, 1928.

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Application filed m s, 1925. sale no, 4 4,541.

In general terms, the object of this invention isto providean improved device for carbureting or mixing fuels for use in internal combustion engines orother devices designed to consume liquid h drocarbons.

More specifically, the ob ect of this'invention to provide an improved carburetor or fuelmixing deviceemplo ing'the principle of reducing the density 0 theliquid fuel before mixing with air, either with or without'theapplication of heat. V

Still more specifically, the object of this invention is to provide means for preparing a fuel mixture through expanding, vaporizing or gasifying theliquid into a. considerable "degree offixidity prior to mixing with air or at least the major portion of .air necessary to produce a practical combustible fuel, through the use of a suction efiect appliedto said liquid 'ina chamber having a restricted outlet at which the suction efie'ct is applled.

A further object is to provide means for mixing air withthe "gasifie'd liquid while traveling at high spee A further object isto provide means for gasitying the liquid fuel by the reduction of pressure, with the assistanceofheat, the application of heat being automatically controlled.

Still another object is toprovidemeans for controlling the inflow of liquidfuel and air in proper proportions which are variable according tothe speed and power desired, by means of connections between choker and needle valves.

Still afurther object of the invention is to provide a'motor-driven suction 'fanfor creating the necessary vacuum. in the mixing chamber and-gasifying compartment, the use otthis fanbeing optional in cases where the device is used in connection with an internal combustion engine but necessary in other devices such as stoves, lamps and the like, not capable of creating the necessarv suction in themselves.

Still a further object is to provide-improved means for deflecting heated products of combustion from an exhaust pipe! andfapplyingthem under suitable controlutoassist in the operations ofgasifying and creating the fuel mixtures.

Still a-notherobject is to. provide means for the simultaneousfand proportional control of the intake ofboth liquid fuel-and .air

nlet and a materially enlarged into the vaporizing and mixing chambers by adjustable connectionsbetween the it various valves.

With theseandother objects in view, my invention consists in the construction, ar-

rangeinent liand combination of elements hereinafter set forth, pointed out in the claims, and illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which "Flgiure l 1s a side elevation illustrating my complete device in connection with an internal combustion engine, it: being understood that the relative proportions and the arrangement ofiparts are illustrative only and may be varied. considerably.

Figure 2 1s a horizontal section, on an enlarged scale, on the line 2-2-of Figure 1,

illustrating a portion of the mechanism for admitting *liq'uidsto the vaporizing chamher and also the means for the passage of heated currents through the device.

Figure 3 is a vertical section onthe line 3-4) of Figure Q.

Figure dis a horizontal section on the line 4,4 of Figure 3, illjustratingthe construction of the priming valve.

Figure 5 is a horizontal section on the line 55 of Figure 3, showing the arrangement for entrance of air to the annular mixing chamber, and the annular outlet of gasified fuel to said mixing chamber;

Figure 6 is a longitudinals section, on an enlargedscale, of the deflectin means for heated products of combustion iom the ex haust.

Figure 7 is a cross-section on the lin 77 of Figure 6..

Figure; 8 is a vertical section on the line 8":8 of Figure 2, illustrating oneof the float, chambers and associatedparts.

Figure 9 is a plan view illustrating. means torsecuring simultaneous control of various intake valves, taken substantially .on'the line 9 r9,of Figure 1 and on an enlarged scale.

A Figure 1,0 is a vertical section of a portion of the priming mechanism, on the ,line

l0-,;1-0,of Figure-4.

The main ,body ortion 10 of my device preferably s cylin rical in form andin its lower portion may helprovided with ,alheat- .ing chamber 11.. .Form ed integrally on the body l0 in parallel arrangement and with their outer walls tangential thereto, are assage tubes 1:2, and 13, the former provi ing ill) an inlet to and the latteran outlet from the heating chamber 11 at its bottom. The inner walls 12 and 13 of the passagertubes are extended Within the heating chamber and well past the vertical plane of the center thereof as clearly shown in Figure 2- The mechanism is here shown associated with an arranged alongside of an internal combustion engine designated generally by the numeral 14, having an intake-manifold 15, an outlet or exhaust manifold 16 communicating with an exhaust pipe 17, and a fanassembly 18,-all of common and well known form. Means is-proviigled for deflecting heated products of combustion from the exhaust of the engine for the purpose of providing heat in the chamber 11. For this-purpose a tubular casing19 is mounted in and forms part of the exhaust pipe 1.7,b'eing held in place and scaled to gas-tight (ondition by means of packing nuts 20 at its ends. The casing '19 formed with two lateral nipples 21, 22 communicating with its interior, the one nearer the exhaust manifold 16 being the exit and the other admitting the gases back to said casing upon their return from the heating chamber of the carburetor. The nipples 21and 22 are connected respectively to the passagetubes 12 and 13 of the heating chamber 11 by means of flexible tubes 23 and 24 having suitable connections at their ends to said members. Arranged transversely in the tubular chamber 19 of the deflector is a flap valve 25 (Figs. 6 and 7) between the nipples-21 and and the stem 25 of said valve extends outside thecasing and has thereon an arm 26 to which is pivotally connected a controlling rod 27 leading to any suitable place and being adapted for manual or automatic operation. The'stem 25 of the valve or shutter preferably is located at one side of the casing 19 and between the nipples 21 and 22, and said casing preferably is rectangular in cross-section at this point and the valve is made of corresponding shape, as shown in Figure T, to facilitate the movement of the valve. \Vhen the valve 25 is arranged transversely of the casing the products of combustion from the exhaust manifold 16 are caused to pass out the nipple 21 and through the tube 23 to the heating chamber 11, returning to the casing throu h the tube 24 and nipple 22 as indicated y arrows, passing thence out through the exhaust pipe in the regular way. The valve may be moved forwardly in the casing in the manner indicated in Figure 6 to permit a part or all of the products of combustion to passdirectlv'through the casing, whereby the amount o't heated gases passmg to the heating chamber is effectively controlled or entirely shut oii.

Opposite the passage tubes 12, 13, the body 10 is formedf with a plane face 28 or ears,

against which a casting 29 is mounted and held in place by means of: cap screws 30. In the embodiment of my invention here illustrated, the casting 29 is provided with two float'chambers3l and 32 of circular form and arranged side by side. The float chambers 31 and 32 are designed to control the level of liquids therein, in this instance liquid fuel such as gasoline, kerosene or distillate, as to the chamber 31, and water, as to the chamber 32. The float chambers and parts connected therewith are alike in form and construction, save in minor particulars which may be'indicated, so I have not attempted toillustrate nor will I describe both in detail. The water float chamber and associated parts areshown in detail in Figure 8. The chamber 32 is.providcd with a removable cover 33 secured in place by a holding bar 34 engaging said cover at its center, the opposite end ofsaid holding bar being attached to the frame casting by a screw 35. A float36 is mounted in the chamber 32 and is arranged to control the level of liquid therein, through connection with a valve 51. An extension 40 is formed at one side of the float chamber 32 and a supply pipe 47 leads from a suitable source of water supply (not shown) to the lower end ofsaid extension and is adapted to furnish water to the device for incorporation in the fuel mixture. A strainer 50 may be interposed in the extension 40 between the water pipe 47 and the valve 51. In the frame casting 29 between the float chamber 32 and the body 10 is formed a chamber 54 communicating near its lower end with thewater chamber 32 by means of a port 56. A needle valve 59 is threaded in the top of the chamber 54 and is adapted to control, the passage of water therethrough, and the 'stem-of'said needle valve projects upwardly and has attached thereto, an actuating lever 62, here shown (F ig. 9) as of bell-crank form. Pivotally connected to the actuating lever 62 is a rod or link 63, and such connection may be ad just-able if desired; for controlling the position of the needle valve and the quantity of liquid to be delivered through the chamber 54. Leading from the upper end of the nozzle chamber 54, is a passage 64 which communicates with a water tube 65 extending radially from the adjacent'margin of the body 10 and along the bottom of the heating chamber 11 to the center thereof, where it communicates with' a well 66 which is open at its top.

The float chamber 31 is adapted to receive the gasoline or other liquid fuel and it con tains a float 67 adapted to control the quantity of liquid in said chamber and keep it at a constant level throu h connection with a needle valve 72. The c amber 31 receives gasoline or other liquid through a pipe 71 entering an extension of said chamber.

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its upper end "an arm 76. If desired the arm or lever 76 (Figure 9) maybe pivotally connected by a link 77 to an arm or lever 62 onthe stem of the valve 59' which controls the admission (ifwater as previously described. \Vhen so connected, means isprovided for simultaneously adjusting the valves controlling the admission of water andgasoline so tiat proportionate amounts of water and gasoline are admitted to the body of the device, the advantages of "which aretoo well known to require comment. Leading, from the upper end of the chamber 7 3' is a passage .79 which communicates with a fuel tube80 extending radially into the adjacentportion of the body 10. .The fuel tube 80 in this instance is located within and is enclosed and surrounded by the water tube=65, and terminates in a well 81 open at its top, located at the center ofthe heatin chamberfll andsurrounded by the water we 1 66, which is therefore of annular form.

A vaporizing and expansion chamber 82 is formed in the body 10 above the heating chamber 11, and; the partition 83 which separates said chambers is formed at its center with an opening into whichthe open tops of y the wells 66 and 81 project, whereby liquids or vapors entering said wells may be discharged to said vaporizingchamber. The

partition 83 isof less diameter than the body 10 and turns upwardly at its periphery whereby an annular extension 11- of the heating chamber is located circuinferentially of the vaporizing chamber as clearly shown in Figurefi. The top 84 of the vaporizing chamber is formed of two spaced plates pro- ..viding an insulating chamber 85 between them. The top 84: is of slightly less diameter than the wall of the vaporizing chamber, whereby an annular opening 86 15 formed between its periphery and said wall; and

said top is supportedby resting on a number of lugs 87 formed on and. projecting inwardly from said wall.

The cover of the cylindrical body 10 is of. generally dome shape and designated by the nu1neral88. It is secured to the body by means of belts or cap screws 89. The tapering cover or dome 88 terminates in an upwardly directed neck 90, and through one side ofthis neck there entersan air pipe 91 which is controlled bya butterfly valve 92. The air pipe 91 .turns adownwardly within the-neck 90 and terminates in a funnel-shaped member '93 of less size than and located within the dome-shaped cover 88 having-its wider open end spaced slightly above the top 85 of the vaporizing chamber,

' thus providing a narrow circun'iferential passage 94 discharging into and at right anglcs to the annular vertical passage 86 here tofore referred to from the vaporizing chamber, it being understoodthat the lower end of the air funnel 93 also is of less diameter thanthe wall of said vaporizing chamber, which"projects above the top-85. Between the domeshaped cover 88 and'thc air funnel 93 isthe annular mixing chamber95'which tapers upwardly and communicates with the neck 90.

Theneck 90 may be connected directly to and communicate with the receiving end of the intakemanifold 15, but inthis instance I have shown a'fan chamber 96 interposed which contains a centrifugal fan 97 arranged axially of the neck 90 and other parts'of the device and adapted to discharge laterally to the manifold 15. The fan 97 is for a purpose hereinafter 'de'-cribed, and it may be driven by any suitable means, such as an electricmotor (not shown). In the present instance, where the device is used in connection with an internal con'ibustion-motor, I have shown means for driving the fan97 from said motor, by means of a belt drive 98 engaging the shaft of the cooling fan 18. It is to be understood that this means and arrangement is but illustrative of many which may be employed; and in fact in many instances the fan 97 will not be considered necessary at all, andI prefer to make the driving meanstherefor detachable or to, provide means for rendering the same inop-. erative attimes, and in many instances it may be omitted altogether. i

In practical use the liquids (water and gasoline or other hydrocarbon or fuel liquid) are admitted to the chamber 82in relatively small streams, by conjunctive manipulation of theneedle valves 59 and 75, which may be accomplished by actuation of the rod or link 63 as-l have here indicated. he liquids should when practicable, be subJected to heat before entering the chamber 82, by. means of heated products of combustion from the exhaustmanifold as previously pointed out, such products entering the heating chamberll and traveling a sinuous course therein because of the partition walls 12 and 13' which cause the gases to come into contact with the walls of the Water pipe which in this instance encloses the fuel pipe 80. The retardation of the heated gases may be further increased by a partition or baflle wall 99 (FigureQ) projecting beyond the well 66 toward the wall 'of the chamber 11 opposite to the point where the fluid tubes enter. The amount of heated gases admitted to the heating chamber 11 .may be manually controlled through the rod 27 or may be shut off entirely; or the heating arrangement may be entirely eliminated from the device in some instances as hereinafter explained.

The liquids, or vapors thereof, are discharged at the center of the chamber 82, which preferably is of circular form, and are drawn by suction, either of the engine 14 or of independent means such as the centrifugal fan 97, toward all points of the circumference of said chamber. The exit from said chamber. and the point at which the suction force is applied, is of annular form, namely the passage 86 between the wall of the chamber and the top plate or partition 84, which annular exit is of considerably greater area than the restricted entrance ports by which the liquids are admitted. It is evident, therefore. that the suction force applied through the annular passage tends greatly to reduce the density of the liquids or their vapors in the confined chamber, and thoroughly vaporize and expand them and produce a volatile fluid. For purposes of illustration, I might suggest that the entrance ports for the liquids be substantially inch in diameter, and the width of the annular inlet about the same, with an out side diameter of say four inches. It would therefore require, asuming a movement of one inch at the annular outlet, a flow of sew eral hundred inches at the fluid entrance in order tokeep the chamber 82 full and avoid a partial vacuum. But since the entrance is sufficiently restricted, it is apparent that the suction force will act to expand or vaporize the fluid contents of the chamber a corresponding number of times 1ts original volume and thereby to keep the chamber full of vapor or expanded fuel elements under a practicable degree of depression. Or assuming that the speed or volume of outflow at the annular exit is increased to three inches to each inflow of one inch at the entrance, it is apparent that the entering fluid must expand an amount which I have figured at about twenty-four hundred times its original or liquid volume in order to keep the chamber full of expanded or vaporized fuel elements under a practicable degree of depression. Thus a powerful leverage force is provided tending to expand, vaporize or gasify the liquid or liquids and render them more volatile, which is more fully explained below, where the operation of the carburetor is given in detail.

The annular sheet of vertically moving expanded gases is engaged, as it passes through the annular orifice 86, by a thin sheet of horizontally moving air from the air funnel 93; and as both the rarefied gases and the air are subject to the suction effect previously referred to, it follows that they are mixed while passing the point of juncture at high speed and while passing through the annular mixing chamber 95 and into the neck 90. The high speed and thin sheets of both air and vapor cause them to mix forcibly and intimately, and a very effective fuel mixture is obtained with the use of even less gasoline than by the present methods.

I have shown the stem of the butterfly valve 92 which controls the inlet of air provided with a lever 100 having a pivotal connection at one end to the rod or link 63 and at the other end with a control rod 101 which extends to a location on the steering column, or other convenient place for operation. This permits a conjunctive regulation and operation of the means for admit ting the air as well as .the liquids as previ ously set out, and if desired the parts maybe so arranged as to permit a greater intake of air proportionally as the needle valves are opened and speed thereby increased. By mixing the air with fuel liquids or'vapors much more minutely, fixedly and efficiently than is possible by the present type of mixin; devices designed for use in connection with internal combustion engines, I produce a more explosive and powerful mixture with a smaller amount of liquid fuel.

The air funnel 93 is provided at its lower periphery with spaced lugs 102 to space it from the top member or partition 84, and also with radially projecting lugs 103 at the same point to space it from the wall of the chamber 82, and hold it in roper position.

Means preferably is provi ed for priming the device or to induce easy starting of the motor connected therewith, and for this purpose and for low speed and idling adjustment a small chamber 104 isformed in the center of the frame 29, having a port 105 at its lower end communicating with the gasoline float chamber 31. The priming chamber 104 may be closed at its lower end by a screw plug 106, and it contains at a point above the port 105 a plug 107 formed with an aperture terminating in a valve seat. A needle valve 108 is threaded in the upper portion of the chamber 104 and is adapted to engage the valve seat of the plug 107 and control the passage therethrough. (Figures 3 and 4). A cap 109 is fixed to the projecting stem of the valve 108 and is rotatably mounted on a shouldered portion of the frame surmounting the priming chamber. The cap 109 is formed with oneor'more horizontal apertures 110 leading from atmosphere and adapted to register at times with horizontal apertures 111 formed in the shouldered portion 27' of the frame. apertures 111 lead downwardly through the frame casting and communicate with the chamber 104 above the valve seat plug 107, from which location a port 112 leads laterally in the frame casting and communicates with the fluid tube 80 which supplies gasoline or other liquid fuel to the body 10 of the device. Fixed to the projecting portion of the valve 108 is an arm 113, to which is pivotally connected an operating rod 114.

The

In this instance the rod 114 isshownas pivoted;at itsother end to a bell-crank lever 115 tulcrumed in a suitable location, to which lever is jivotally attached a rod 116 leading to the vicinity otthedrivers seat or other Convenient location for manual control. In ,the operation of priming, the needle valve 108 is opened'bythe controlling means,,and the cap 109 is simultaneously revolved by ,the same means to cause the ports or apertures 110 to register to-greater or less extentwith the'horizontal portions of the apertures 111, thus simultaneously admitting proportionate amounts of air and gasoline and permitting thelnto mingle and pass through the port 112 to the tube 80 and thence to the chamber 82 and on to the motor 14 in the usual way. There is more or less vaporization and expansion of the gasoline and relatively small quantity of air during theinpassage from the gasoline needle and small air inlet up to the annularslit 86 where the mixture is drawn out o'f'the chamber 8.2,because of friction of the rapidly moving elements against the walls ofthe passageways, and especially the friction at the well 81 where,

the air picks up and mixes with and carries along the gasoline, through and between the comparatively narrow space between the horizontal'and the vertical wallsof' chamber 82. Such vaporization and expansion occurseven 'before"the application of heat 'in the heating chamber 11,oi' before such applicationhas had time to become effectire, and occurs even when no heat is applied by outside agencies; There ,isalso considerable friction as the elements and mixture are (llEtWIl through the narrow outlet, 8G, and when the greater volume of air strikes it forciblyat right angles justafter passing through said outlet, with consequently further vaporization and expansion,

in addition to such vaporization and expansion as is due to the decrease of pressure in the chamber 82. p i

It should be noted thatlbecause of the central discl'rarge of fuel elements into a circular vaporizing chamber, the fuel is Edis- Ji l charged evenly in all directions over all the surface of the horizontal portion of the vaporizing chamber. Also that'by this arrangement there is provided a vaporizing chamber which increases in size laterally in all directions from the central fuel opening, proportionately to the vaporization and expansion that occurs in the fuel mixture while passing from such central opening toward the perpendicular walls of the chamher and the annular outlet. This makes for more efficient vaporizationand mixing with the small amount of air carrying=the gasolinealong while they are being vaporized.

I wish to call attention particularly to the fact that in my device the liquid fuel is exthe panded and vaporized into a degree of ifixidity before it is mixed with air, orbefore :highspeed; "that means is provided for proportionately and variably controlling the inflow of airand liquid according to'the speed desired that in certain cases supplementary means, such as a fan or pump, may be employed to produce the suction for creating vulcanization and expansion of the liquids. "In this connection I wish to state that a fan such as '97, when used in connection with my device, is not employed to feed fuel IIIIXtHlB to the motor, or crowd the motor as 1s sometlmesdone with racing motors or aircraft motors, but is used solely to produce a suction and rarefication in the vaporizing chamber. But it is obvious that there would'be considerable advantagefin employing a fan or similar independent suction device with certain types of motors, or at certain times and for certain purposes in-practically all motors, as itproducesthe necessary suction force to a more efficient degree, and without inducing an undesirable vacuum in the engine cylinders necessary to draw in a change of fuel-as is now .done.

In other words by the'use ofythe fan a higherdegree of "vacuum may be produced in the vaporizing andunixing chambers of my device than would be possible or practicable by meansot the suction of the engine -cylinders,' and that without considerably" rarefying ,or

lessening the charge and consequently the power delivered. Also that such a device would be necessary where the-mixing or vaporizing of fuels is for-and in connection with a lamp,stove or thelike 'which does not'have'in itself the means for producing a suction efiect.

'Iwou (1 also state that one reason for va orizing and expanding the liquid or liqui s "before mixingwvith the main quantity of aiigfespccially when thedevice is used in connectionwith an internal combustion engine, "is to prevent allavoidable expansion of the airitself, Whichwould lessenits density and proportionately decrease *the strengthof the chargetaken into the engine v cylinders. This'methodor device also prevents undesirable heating and consequent expansion of the main quantity of airused in the fuel mixture, such as takes placein common carburetors or mixing devices "wvherein the preheated air is usedto pick up and vaporize the liquid, or wherein the aiiand li uid, after or during partialmiX- ture, are

liquid.

eated in order to vaporizethe It would appear to be unnecessary and perhaps undesirable to use a throttle in this device because it merely lessens the intake of mixture into the manifold and slows up r the speed of the incoming air that must pick up and mix with the gasoline as in the common carburetor. The control is best attained by operation of the needle valves admitting the liquid, and the butterfly valve admitting the air, as previously explained in detail.

The insulating chamber 85 of the partition 84 prevents the application of heat from the heating chamber to the incoming air, and also prevents the incoming air from cooling and possibly condensing the expanded and vaporized liquids in the chamber 82.

My vaporizing and mixing device is not intended to be limited to the use of the system of float chambers and needle valves herein illustrated and described, but it may be used in connection with any suitable means for supplying and controlling the admission of the fluids to be used.

With respect to the operation of this device, it should be borne in mind that a greater degree of depression and a higher speed of the mixture are maintained in the mixing mechanism of this carburetor than in carburetors which operate a throttle between the intake manifold of the engine and the mixing part of the carburetor, and that such greater depression and higher speed of the fuel elements are maintained without causing a greater degree of depression within the cylinders than is necessary in order to control the speed of the engine. In those carburetors which operate a throttle between the engine and the mixing mechanism of the carburetor, in order to limit the intake of the mixture and thereby control the speed of the engine under load, the depression within the cylinders is increased when the intake of fuel mixture is decreased in order to maintain slow speed, and the depression within the mixing arts of the carburetor is decreased, and tie speed of the fuel elements being mixed is lessened correspondingly, because the partially. closed throttle retards and limits their passage into the cylinders of the engine. The decreased speed of the fuel elements being mixed and the decreased depression Within the mixing parts of such carburetors, diminish their mixing efficiency and consequently the power delivered by the mixture produced.

This carburetor overcomes that defect and improves the mixture by maintaining within the mixing parts of the device a constantly higher speed of the fuel elements being" mixed, and by maintaining within such mixing parts the same degree of depresion that exists within the cylinders of enough to produce th the engine at the various speeds. This greater depression and higher speed is accomplished by controlling the intake of mixture, and thereby the speed of the engine, by operating the lever 100 controlling the throttle valve 92 located in the air intake 91 of the carburetor, in conjunction with the operation of the lever 113 and valves 108 and 111 which control the intake of fuel elements into the mixing parts. This higher s eed of the fuel elements, combined with tlie expanding and vaporizin effect of the lower depression malntaine within the vaporizing and mixing chambers and acting in conjunction with the special means for joinin and mixing the main quantity of air with the fuel vapor while both are moving in thin sheets at high speed and at right angles to each other, mixes the fuel elements far more intimately and minutely than can be attained in ordinary commercial carburetors, and thereby increases the efficiency of the fuel mixture produced.

' In operation, an engine nipped with this carburetor is started as fol ows: The air-intake throttle valve 92 is closed by lever y e necessary suction, through the fuel tube 80, upon the port 112 of the gas chamber 104. The lever 113 of the primer and slow speed adjusting device is operated to open the needle valve 108, admit ting the gasoline or other fuel liquid, and also to open or register apertures and 111 to admit a small quantity of air, whereby the fuel liquid and the air ma be drawn together by the suction of the engine when started in the usual manner, through the port 112 into and through the fuel tube 80, up from the fuel well 81 and through the chamber 82, which tends to expand and vaporize the comparatively rich fuel mixture of air and fuel liquid and to mix them to a considerable extent. This mixture is then drawn by the suction of the engine from the expanding, vaporizing and mixing chamber 82, through the annular "exit or opening'86 and perpendicularly past the air exit 94. Vhile this mixture is passing the circumferential air opening 94, in a thin sheet and at high speed, an additional and the main quantity of air, issuing horizontally through exit 94 and also traveling in a thin sheet and at high speed, strikes the passing mixture at right angles and very forcibly mixes the fuel liquid and air, combining them intimately and minutely so as to be suitable for combustion in the cylinders for the purpose of starting the engine into operation. The mixture is further mixed while being drawn through the mixing chamber 95 into the in take manifold of the engine and thence into the cylinders.

As soon as explosions take place in the cylinders they become heated increasingly mamas throttle valve92 maybe opened and an increasing proportion of'air be admittedto the mixture, through the aperturefi, until the most economical proportion of fuel liquid and air-is attained. The opening ofthe airintake throttle valve 912 proportionately decreases the suction on the port 112 and there- F by automatically decreases the amountof fuel liquid and air drawn througli thatport, and thus makes the mixture proportionately leaner. The lever 100 which operates the air-intake valve 92 and the lever 113 which operates the priming and slow speed adjust ing device, should'be connected in SllOhtlIlfiIlher that after the economical running mixture is attained, the two levers Will operate to open and' close'simultaneously and proportionately to. admit moreor less of air and fuel mixture according to the speed desired and the load carried.

The supplementary needle valve 75 is to be set While the engine-andv carburetor are in normally'hot workingcondition so as to feed fuel liquid at slow speed and small load, while the intake valves-92 and 108110-11:1 are comparativelyclosed.

The valves operated by lever 113 may be slightly opened while-the valve operated by lever 100 remains set for slow speed, in order to supply a somewhat r-icherunixture'for idling. a

Attention is called to the fact that the size of the passagewaysfor the fuel liquids and the fuel mixture'are tobe proportioned to the carrying capacity of the air admitted with the fuel liquid, to the suction of the engine and to the heating capacity of the vaporizing chamber, in order to maintain such speed lnthe fuel elements and such degree of depression within saidpassageways,

as is necessary to carrythe fuel liquids and prevent any undesirable accumulation there of in any of said passageways.

If this carburetor is to be used on an engine requiring a comparatively large volume of fuel mixture, the heating surfaces in the expanding and vaporizing chamber 82must be increased proportionately.

The carburetor constructed as above described will mix and feed a highly eflioient explosive mixture to the engine without the use of heat applied through the heat Cllflllhber 11" to the chamber 82, because of the speed of the fuel elements'maintained and the degree of depression in all the passageways for fuel liquids and mixture, and because of the highly eflicient means for forcibly mixing an additional and larger quantity of air into'the-mixture while both are traveling in thin sheets at high speed and at rightranglesthrough; the mixing chamber195s i i The use of the centrifugal. fan 97, espe oiallyiwith a further and proportionaterestriction of the intakes'otair and of fuel li uids, andoperatedat aispeed designed to increase the depression and-the speed of the fuelelements-within the carburetor without increasing the-depression'in the engine-cyL inders-,.would also facilitate the-expansion, vaporization andmixing ofithe fuel elements and alsopermit the cylinders to draw ina more condensed charge of the mixture, there-v by affording: greater power.

Evidently the application of heat through theheat chamber 1-1 will facilitatev thee};- pansion; vaporization and mixingof the fuel elements, either when the fan 97is used orwhen it isnot used. It-is'intendedthat heat shall be applied whenever practicable, and when so applied only enough air should be admitted through apertures 110 and 111 to efficiently carry the fuel liquid, after the engine is operating and the carburetor warmed to working ,condition, because the heating andexpanding of unnecessary air in theexvpension chamber 82 would tend'to decrease the density of the mixture and the strength of the chargetdrawn into the cylinders,

Themoisture introduced with the fuelliqw nid in theform of a very light mist, as is already recognized in the art, tends to add to the smooth running of the engine and to remove or prevent the formation of carbon in the cylinders, Itis intended that in ordinary use no water shall be introduced until thecarburetor is in normally heated working condition, and the quantity then1introduced shall be restricted to the vapor or nist-likeparticles of water which the rapid- 1y movingjmixtures of air and fuelliquids will readily pick upwhile passing over the Well 66 and carry on between the heating w allsl of the vaporizing chamber 82, where it will be further vaporized and mixed and then carried into the cylinders.

I claim as my invention 1. A device of the character described, comprising a body formed witha chamber, a relatively ,small entrance means for admitting fluidincluding a relatively small quantity of air to said chamber,said chamber being formed with a narrow outlet of substantially continuous annular form having a capacity, materially greater than said entrance means and through which the fuel elements are adapted to pass at high speed, means for applying a suction force at said annular outlet whereby the fluid in said chamber is greatly expandedand vaporized, and means for applying heat to said chamber to'assist in expanding and vaporizing fluid therein. 7

loo

2. A device of the character described, comprising a body formed with a chamber, a relatively small entrance means for admitting fluid includin a relatively small quantity of air to sai chamber, said chamber being formed with a narrow outlet of substantially continuous annular form having a capacity materially greater than said entrance means and through which-the fuel elements are adapted to pass at high speed, means for applying a suction force at said annular outlet whereby the fluid in said chamber is expanded, andvaporized, a heat-- ing chamber contiguous to the first named chamber, and controlled means for admitting heat to said heating chamber.

3. A device of the character described, comprising a body formed with a chamber, a relatively small entrance means for admitting fluid including a relatively small quantity of air to said chamber, said chamber being formed with a narrow outlet of substantially continuous annular form having a capacity materially greater than the entrance means and through which the fuel elements are adapted to pass at high speed, means for applying a suction force at said annular outlet whereby fluid in said chamber is expanded and vaporized, and a restricted air inlet of annular form located adjacent said annular out-let and adapted to discharge at high speed a thin sheet of air into and at right angles to the annular stream of expanded fluid issuing from said annular outlet.

4. A device of the character described, comprising a body formed with a chamber, a relatively small entrance means for admitting fluid including a relatively small quantity of air, tosaid chamber, said chamber being formed with a narrow outlet of substantially continuous annular form having a capacity materially greater than the entrance means and through which the fuel elements are adapted to pass at high speed, means for applying a suction force; at said annular outlet whereby fluid in said chamber is expanded and vaporized, a restricted air inlet of annular form located adjacent said outlet and-adapted to discharge a thin sheet of air at high speed into the stream of expanded fluid issuing from said annular outlet, and means for conjunctively controlling the entrance of fluid and air to said device, at the respective inlets.

5. A device of the character described, comprising a body formed with a chamber, a relatively small entrance means for admitting fluid to said chamber, said chamber be ing formed with a narrow outlet of substantially continuous annular form having a capacity materially greater than the entrance means. means for applying a suction force at said annular outlet whereby fluid in said chamber is greatly expanded and vaporized,

a heating chamber contiguous to said firstnamed chamber, means for admitting heated currents to said heatin chamber, an insulated partition plate firming the topfof said first-named chamber, and an air inlet pipe having its margin spaced slightly from said partition plate and also from said an nular outlet whereby air is discharged in a thin stream into the stream of fluid issuing from said annular outlet.

6. A device of the character described, comprising a body formed with a chamber of substantially circular form, restricted entrance means for admitting fuel liquid and a relative] 1 small quantity of air and dis charging tie same centrally of said chamber, said chamber being formed with an annular circumferential outlet having a capacity materially greater than the entrance means and through which the fuel elements are adapted to pass at high speed, means for applyin a suction force at said annular. outlet where by fluids in said chamber are greatly expanded and vaporized, and a heating chamber conti guous to said first-named chamber and substantially surrounding the central fluid entrance means.

7. A device of the character described, comprising a body formed with a chamber, relatively small entrance means for admitting fluid to said chamber, said chamber having a substantially continuous annular outlet with a capacity, materially greater than said entrance means and through which the fluid is adapted to pass at high speed, a driven fan adapted to apply a suction force at said annular outlet and tending to create a vacuum in said chamber, whereby fluid therein is caused to expand, and means for applying heat to said chamber to assist in expanding and vaporizing fluid therein.

8. A device of the character described, comprising a body formed with a chamber, said chamber having its top and bottom walls substantially parallel and relatively close together, relatively small entrance means for admitting fluid to said chamber, a-mixing chamber adjacent the first chamher, an annular outlet from the outer top portion of the first chamber to said mixing chamber and through which fluid is adapted to pass at high speed, an air pipe entering said mixing chamber and adapted to discharge air in a thin sheet and circumferentially toward said annular outlet to contact at high speed with other fluid passing to said mixing chamber, and a fan adapted to apply a suction force at said annular outlet and said air discharge.

9. A device of the character described. comprising a body formed with a chamber, restricted means foradmitting a fluid to said chamber, a mixing chamber adjacent the first mentioned chamber, an annular outlet i'rom the first mentioned chamber to the mixing chamber and through which the fluid is adapted to pass at high speed, an air ipe entering said mixing chamber and adapted-t0 discharge air in a thin sheet and circumferentially toward said annular outlet to contact at high speed with other fluid passing to said mixing chamber, and means for connecting said mixing chamber to an internal combustion motor.

10. A device of the character described comprising a body formed with a chamber, a relatively small entrance means for admitting fluid to said chamber, said chamber being formed with a narrow outlet of annular form having a capacity materially greater than the entrance means, means for applyin a suction force to said annular outlet where y fluid is greatly expanded and vaporized, a partition plate formed in the top of said first named chamber, and an air inlet pipe having its margin spaced slightly from said partition plate and alsofrom said outlet whereby air is discharged in a thin stream into the stream of fluid issuing from said annular outlet.

Signed at Mareed, in the county of Marced and State of California, this 5th day of June, 1925.

JOHN LOUCIEN GHESNUTT. 

